There are several recommendations regarding earthen wall construction in seismic prone areas. Even if the surface soil is unsuitable for wall building, there may be suitable mud beneath. Waterproofing techniques in construction waterproofing. Reinforcing can be either rods inserted into the group after it has. This layer of lime was obviously intended as a damp course, to prevent ground moisture from rising through the unmortared dry wall of. This type of construction is still the main construction typology in the area. Construction techniques in various kinds of major infrastructures together with their. You can get away with having no experience whatsoever and still build yourself a. Cob building is easy to learn, requires no special equipment, and uses sustainable materials. The building technique consists of timber poles as the core or base with a mud smear plaster applied on both sides. Catholic university of peru, peru background adobe mud blocks are one of the oldest and most widely used building materials. Adobe requires a certain percentage of clay in the soil to act as binding material, and this type of soil is not prevalent in pakistans rugged northern areas. Housing report mud wall construction in spiti valley.
The initial concept of developing mudconcrete was to incorporate both the strength and durability of concrete into mudbased constructions to introduce a lowcost, loadbearing wall system with easy construction techniques which ensured indoor comfort while minimizing the. Recommendation for earthen wall construction in seismic area. Formmolding produces a standard sized mud brick, facilitating efficient wall construction and easing the planning and design processes. Construction system, for definitive reasons, is the manner of constructing the whole or dominant part of the house 1. Also explore the seminar topics paper on alternate building materials with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year civil engineering ce or ieee civil construction btech, be, mtech students. The earliest good example is an 800 yearold kii gompa monastery in the village kii figure 3. Bamboo as a building material has high compressive strength and low weight has been one of the most used building material as support for concrete, especially in those locations where it is found in abundance. Wattle and daub has been used for at least 6,000 years and is still an important construction method in many parts of the world. Where straight poles are selected for construction, it is as easy.
Mud has been the most essential of building materials since the dawn of the man. Rediscovering the virtues of cob construction, a mud wall so thick that it can take all load without getting eroded by rains for a long time. The study was an attempt to examine architectural techniques for building traditional tswana houses and their. The property of this material is very different from the ones which are in used in modern day construction hence the method of using it is very different. Monumental construction the ancient greek architecture. Mud architecture construction details and techniques archinomy. Pdf mud building practices in construction projects in the gaza.
Enhancing durability of adobe by natural reinforcement for propagating sustainable mud housing. Mudconcrete is a novel concept which employs a form of concrete produced using soil, cement and water. Sustainability of traditional rural mud houses in tamilnadu, india. Bamboo as a building material its uses and advantages in. The benefits of mud houses murray hunter, guest contributor 15 feb, 2014 even though many buildings constructed of natural materials, particularly earth, have stood the test of time, the construction of buildings out of these materials almost completely disappeared during the 20th century. In the history of construction, clay mortar was followed by lime mortar. Approximately 58% of all buildings in india are mud brick and a growing construction boom in india. Construction materials and techniques encyclopaedia. Earth or dirt, is both abundant and easily manipulated into suitable structures. The united nations human settlements programme unhabitat celebrated united nations day in killinochchi with a training programme on mud concrete. Introducing environmentally friendly construction techniques for postconflict housing and community infrastructure. We have create thatched roof eco resorts and cottages of any architectural style, roofing type and structural design. Housing report rural mud wall building world housing.
So keeping it in mind, i decided to comparative analysis of mud wall construction techniques and some perception. The wall described here is built in the common or american bond pattern, a pattern that is very and easy to lay. Earth construction techniques is a presentation on mud construction technique. The contents of subsoil naturally vary, and if it does not contain the right mixture it can be modified with sand or clay. Waterproofing is essential as it prevents water from penetrating buildings and helps to keep the interior areas dry. A best practices manual for using compressed earth blocks. Apply the first top coat of mud over each seam, using a 6to 8inch drywall blade. Nonengineered adobe or unburned mud block would not be an ideal construction material. Because of this, its very stable, and even resistant to earthquakes. Cob structures can be used as homes, chicken coops, barns, and even smaller ones for ovens.
Unfortunately the skill of making mud plaster has steadily been eroded. Cob, cobb or clom in wales is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material typically straw, and sometimes lime. The mud plaster bonds to the adobe because the two are made of the same materials. Department of civil engineering and mechanical engineering. Though it has all these positive sides naturally, we have further enhanced our products by making it fire resistant and. Mud is a building material which has already being tested. An investigation on the potential of mud as sustainable building material in the context of kerala article pdf available in international journal of energy technology and policy 12. Mud architecture seema makwana priyanshi desai krupa prajapati shriyal jain 2. Walls are made used rammed earth with cement stabilised mud, a techniques which make the wall much stronger and more resistant to water. It helps in reducing the humidity inside the building, minimizing the damage done to furniture and. Mud houses are easier to build, repair and maintain and are inexpensive. Thatched roof and bamboo house cottage construction real. Introduction mud has been the most essential building materials since the dawn of the man.
How to construct a rammed earth wall march1 group g university of portsmouth. According to chinese mud brick builder lin weihao an expert from kunming in south west china. Evaluation of traditional methods in the maintenance of. Also, dry stone walls arent much affected by weather. The most common mistake people make in earthbag building. Thin walls built by direct manual shaping of plastic soil. Wait for the corner bead mud to dry, which takes anywhere from 8 to 24 hours, depending on the temperature and humidity. The initial concept of developing mudconcrete was to incorporate both the strength and durability of concrete into mud based constructions to introduce a lowcost, loadbearing wall system with easy construction techniques which ensured indoor comfort while minimizing the impact on.
Explore alternate building materials with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. It is important to provide a wider public of landuse decisionmakers, architects. Earth construction techniques free download as powerpoint presentation. With the development of civilized society, they came to make buildings that have. This construction type has been in practice for more than 200 years. In former times, earth was rammed manual ly, using. Introduction mud has been the most essential building material since the dawn of time. Transporting substantial construction materials long distances or relying on sophisticated tools to manipulate these materials was not practical. Bamboo as a building material is used for the construction of scaffolding, bridges and structures, houses. Earthen wall construction methods and material tests. The proliferation of concept to use mud and improved techniques in order to raise the level of living in the population is a very welcome idea. Various traditional techniques of construction using mud are still in practice. All over the country mud of some sort or other is found.
Nature is an example and always inspires human beings. Clay content can be as high as 85% but if it is that high, straw or some such binding material needs. Cob is fireproof, resistant to seismic activity, and uses lowcost materials, although it is very labour intensive. Mud is a building material which has already being tested and tried for thousands of years. Mud housing technology can stage a comeback to solve the housing shortage in slums and colonies, and even housing schemes. Can be made of steel, plastics, wood, precast concrete. Current construction techniques and building materials show little resemblance to those ancient practices. Techniques and tricks used in drywall construction are helpful, especially for beginners or doityourselfers. Mud architecture is basically studying mud as a building material which has already being tested and tried for thousands of years. Cob house construction is an ancient building technique using lumps of earth mixed with sand, straw, and water. Scrape off the excess mud with the edge of the blade and return it to the mudding trough. Sticks and thin poles are often used as wall material or as a framework in mud walls.
Typical adobe house whe report 52, peru adobe construction marcial blondet and gladys villa garcia m. Earthen wall construction with wood or cane structure. Challenges of traditional earth housing provision can be enormous and includes water penetration, erosion of walls at level by splashing of water. This paper presents the results of an archaeological study of mud wall decay at mathathane village in the bobirwa area, central district. The basic techniques used were wattle and daub on a bamboo frame and woven bamboo for the pivoting doors. Form molding produces a standard sized mud brick, facilitating efficient wall. The wall is built in two wythes or tiers and can be safely built up to 3. The greek monumental construction included many characteristic of greek architecture, such as columns, stone platforms for large buildings, shallow peaked roofs, and decorations of statues or carved panels. Like adobe, mud plaster is composed of clay, sand, water, and straw or grass, and therefore exhibits sympathetic properties to those of the original adobe. They are the adobe, cob wall, rammed earth and wattle and daub. Mud architecture, rammed earth, cob, compressed earth blocks. Alternate building materials seminar report, ppt, pdf.
An abandoned counterfort retaining wall that had been used as a bridge abutment. The mud was mixed with 5% cement1,2 refer to footnotes for more information on this technique. Used to build continuous walls for waterfront structures and for temporary construction wall heights 6 m if used with anchors. The ancient greeks and romans used it extensively in their structures, mixing lime, sand, volcanic ash and sometimes other ingredients such as egg whites. However, use of plain mud in wall construction has. Inherently the natural materials have high weather resistance, uv resistance and the way we design our thatch ensures 100% water proof. Approximately 58%of all buildings in india are of mud brick. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. Even unskilled homeowners can learn a little about the process and enjoy a much less troublesome experience. Currently, this type of construction is being built. Waterproofing in building construction is the process of making a structure waterresistant or impervious to the ingress of water. Although applying mud plaster requires little skill, it is a timeconsuming and laborious process. Over the top of the foundation there was a layer of white lime 12 cm thick, on which the lowest course of the mudbrick wall rested. These considerations include the provision of vertical buttress wall, an intermediate strengthen member for long walls.
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